watch dog for telephones

Watch-Dog for Telephones
Most of the telephone security devices available in market are simple but quite expensive. These devices provide blinking or beeping type line-tap/misuse indications. Quite often they do not offer guaranteed protection against unauthor-ised operation. A very simple and uni- que circuit of a telephone watch-dog to safeguard subscriber telephone lines against any fraud is described here. This little circuit keeps continuous watch over the telephone lines and sounds an alarm in case of any misuse. In addition it transmits a loud tone through the telephone lines to prevent further misuse. When switch S1 is turned on, the normal (on-hook) telephone line voltage at the output of bridge-rectifier diodes D1 to D4 is approximately 48 volts, which being well above the break-down voltage of zener diode D5, the diode conducts. As a result transistor T2 gets forward biased. This effectively grounds the base of transistor T1 which is thus cut off and the remaining circuit does not get any power supply. In this state, only a small (negligible) current is taken by the circuit, which will not affect the telephone line condition. However, when handset of any telephone connected to the telephone lines is lifted (off-hook), line voltage suddenly drops to about 10 volts. As a result, transistor T2 is switched off and transistor T1 gets forward biased via resistor R1. Now, the astablemultivibrator built around timer IC1 starts oscillating and the speaker starts sounding. Output of the astable multivibrator is also connected to the base of transistor T1 through capacitor C5. As a result, only a loud (and irritating) tone is heard in the ear-piece of the unauthorised telephone instrument. This circuit can be constructed on a veroboard using easily available low-cost components and it can be connected to any telephone line without the fear of malfunctioning. No extra power supply is required as it draws power from the telephone line for operation. Note: Please disconnect the gadget when you are yourself using the telephone as it cannot distinguish between authorised and unautho- rised operation

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anemometer

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circuit to generate surround sounds

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SESMIC SENSOR

Here is a simple sensor which can detect the seismic vibrations caused by a person or large animal walking nearby. A representative application for the sensor is a deer repellent for the vegetable garden. When a deer steps near the sensor a loud buzzer or beeper sounds for a few seconds startling the would-be vegetable thief away. The sensor also makes an effective intruder detector to catch trespassers as soon as they step on the property!
Deer Repellent/ Seismic Sensor :

The unit is designed to consume minute amounts of power to provide many months of unattended protection (practically set by the battery shelf life). The seismic sensor is built from an ordinary 2 inch speaker by gluing a mass to the speaker cone to lower its resonance frequency. A lid from a baby food jar with a little extra weight glued to the inside will work fine.
The CA3094 I.C. is an unusual op-amp consisting of a programmable transconductance amplifier connected to a darlington transistor. In this circuit the darlington is combined with a pnp transistor to form a monostable timer which determines how long the buzzer sounds. When the ground shakes, the vibration sensing speaker generates a small voltage which is amplified causing the voltage on pin 1 to go high. The darlington in the IC and the 2N4403 turn on with regenerative feedback provided by the diode. The 2N4401 turns on, powering the buzzer until the monostable resets. The circuit may be used to activate a variety of devices including a relay to control line voltage devices, a transmitter to telemeter an alarm from a remote location, a battery- powered walkway light, or even one of those battery powered squirt guns! The output transistor may be replaced with a power darlington transistor for directly controlling higher current loads. The circuit may be built into ordinary plumbing PVC pipe or practically any weatherproof enclosure. A larger detection area may be accomplished by burying a long pole or PVC pipe just below the surface of the ground with the seismic sensor located above the pole. Vibrations will readily travel down the pole whenever a footstep occurs anywhere along its length. The seismic sensor may be replaced with other sensors for different applications. A photocell/ resistor divider will sense changes in light level, a microphone will sense fairly low sound levels, and a diode detector will sense a low-level RF field.

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VIDEO ACTIVATED RELAY

This simple circuit from the May 1996 Think Tank column of Popular Electronics activates a relay when it senses a composite video signal. This allows you to use the tuner built into your VCR to turn on and off older TVs that are not equipped with a remote. It can also be used to activate surround sound equipment, turn off the room lights, turn on video game consoles, etc. For such a simple circuit, it is very versatile.

Parts
Part
Total Qty.
Description
Substitutions
R1, R2
2
10K 1/4 W Resistor
R3
1
1K 1/4 W Resistor
R4
1
33K 1/4 W Resistor
C1
1
1uF Electrolytic Capacitor
Q1, Q2, Q3
3
2N2222 NPN Transistor
2N3904 NPN Transistor
D1, D2, D3
4
1N4148 Diode
K1
1
9V Relay
J1
1
RCA Jack
MISC
1
Case, wire, board

Notes
Since you may be using this circuit to switch mains voltage, it should be enclosed in a case.
The circuit will also work with most line level audio, although you may have to adjust the value of R1.

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SIMPLE WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

Description This is the circuit diagram of a simple corrosion free water level indicator for home and industries.In fact the the level of any conductive non corrosive liquids can be measured using this circuit.The circuit is based on 5 transistor switches.Each transistor is switched on to drive the corresponding LED , when its base is supplied with current through the water through the electrode probes.
One electrode probe is (F) with 6V AC is placed at the bottom of tank.Next probes are placed step by step above the bottom probe. When water is rising the the base of each transistor gets electrical connection to 6V AC through water and the corresponding probe.Which in turn makes the transistors conduct to glow LED and indicate the level of water.The ends of probes are connected to corresponding points in the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.Insulated Aluminum wires with end insulation removed will do for the probe.Arrange the probes in order on a PVC pipe according to the depth and immerse it in the tank.AC voltage is use to prevent electrolysis at the probes.So this setup will last really long.I guarantee at least a 2 years of maintenance free operation.That’s what I got and is still going.

Components
T1 – T5 BC 548 or 2N2222 Transistors
R1-R5 2.2K 1/4 W Resistors
R6-R10 22K 1/4 W Resistors
D1 – D5 LED’s ( color your choice)
Notes
Use a transformer with 6V 500 mA output for power supply.Do not use a rectifier! we need pure AC. Use good quality insulated Aluminum wire for probes.If Aluminum wires are not available try Steel or Tin.Copper is the worst.Try the circuit first on a bread board and if not working properly, make adjustments with the resistance values .This is often needed because conductivity of water changes slightly from place to place.
Circuit Diagram and Sensor Arrangement

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SIMPLE LIE DETECTOR

Simple Lie Detector
Here's a simple lie detector that can be built in a few minutes, but can be incredibly useful when you want to know if someone is really telling you the truth. It is not as sophisticated as the ones the professionals use, but it works. It works by measuring skin resistance, which goes down when you lie.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

Details of Parts
Here are the details of the specific parts you will needPart Total Qty. Description Substitutions
R1 33K 1/4W Resistor R2 5K Pot R3 1.5K 1/4W Resistor C1 1uF 16V Electrolytic Capacitor Q1 2N3565 NPN Transistor M1 0-1 mA Analog Meter MISC 1 Case, Wire, Electrodes (See Nots)Notes1. The electrodes can be alligator clips (although they can be painful), electrode pads (like the type they use in the hospital), or just wires and tape. 2. To use the circuit, attach the electrodes to the back of the subjects hand, about 1 inch apart. Then, adjust the meter for a reading of 0. Ask the questions. You know the subject is lying when the meter changes.

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